Jared,
As you have identified there are a number of different spectrums, starting with a low frequency, going up to the Ultra High Frequencies. Different frequencies react differently under certain conditions. HF for example bounces off the ionisphere (the blue bit above you
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)and bounces back down to the ground and back up. As such depending on weather conditions and the radio set being used, on HF you can transmit around the world. SES and WAPOL use HF radios for operations being run out in the country. Check out the amateur license as well.
VHF is used by DEC, FRS, VFRS, BFS, You (your tv pics up off VHF). This is a much shorter range than HF, considered line of sight. I.e. Your tv aerial has to point towards the tv transmitter tower, if there's a building in the way the reception isn't as good.
UHF is even shorter range again, this is more common, as this is what the SES, WAPOL, SJA, CB, TV, Private UHF, are all on. This is more reliant on being line of sight, but like with VHF if you put in a repeater, you can get a lot further.
Stirling SES
Team Leader (Stirling 53)
Vertical Rescue Team Member
K9 7 Support
VK6FWDH
ex-Darlington FB
WARSUG Demi-God I mean Mod
If stupidity got me into this mess, why can't it get me out.
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